Theoretical Foundations: Fe-C equilibrium diagrams, isothermal (TTT) and continuous cooling (CCT) transformation diagrams, and phase transformations. heat treatment of metals by vijendra singhpdf

Purpose: Reduce brittleness and relieve stresses introduced by quenching while retaining adequate hardness.
Steps: reheat quenched steel to a subcritical temperature, hold, then cool to room temperature. Lower tempering temps retain higher hardness; higher temps improve toughness.

2. Key Stages of Heat Treatment

According to Vijendra Singh’s framework, every heat treatment process involves three essential stages: Mastering Metallurgy: A Guide to the Heat Treatment

Several factors affect the heat treatment of metals, including: higher temps improve toughness.