Multiple Choice Questions In Basic Surgical Sciences Buzzard Pdf Full 2021

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Part III: Pathology and Microbiology

Question 6: Breast Pathology A 45-year-old woman presents with a firm, irregular lump in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. Histology reveals proliferation of the ductal epithelium with intact basement membranes. What is the most accurate diagnosis? Sodium requirement: 1–2 mmol/kg/day (approx 70–140 mmol)

Answer: A

• Sodium requirement: 1–2 mmol/kg/day (approx 70–140 mmol).
• Potassium requirement: ~1 mmol/kg/day (approx 70 mmol, often standardized to 60mmol in prescriptions).
• Option B most closely approximates standard maintenance prescription in surgical practice (often prescribed as 1L 0.9% Saline + 20mmol KCl, and 1L 5% Dextrose + 20mmol KCl, plus allowances for surgical drains/losses).

A. Hypovolemia and decreased cardiac output. B. Increased insulin secretion and glucose uptake. C. Increased catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and insulin resistance. D. Hypothermia and bradycardia. E. Decreased energy expenditure. plus allowances for surgical drains/losses).

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